What is Acute Cholecystitis and How Does It Affect Your Gallbladder?

What is Acute Cholecystitis?

Acute cholecystitis is a sudden inflammation of the gallbladder. The gallbladder is a small organ under your liver. It stores bile, which helps digest fat. When the gallbladder becomes inflamed, it can cause severe pain. Often, this condition is called an acute gallbladder attack. Many people need quick treatment for acute cholecystitis to avoid serious problems. According to the CDC, gallbladder inflammation is a common reason for emergency care. Early diagnosis and treatment are important for a full recovery.

Causes and Risk Factors

Most cases of acute cholecystitis happen when a gallstone blocks the bile duct. This blockage causes bile to build up, which leads to inflammation. However, other causes can also trigger this condition. Knowing the risk factors can help you stay alert.

Gallstones (most common cause)

Infections in the bile ducts

Severe illness or injury

Rapid weight loss

Older age

Obesity

Pregnancy

Family history of gallbladder disease

For example, people with diabetes or those who are overweight have a higher risk. But anyone can develop acute cholecystitis.

Common Symptoms

Acute cholecystitis symptoms often appear suddenly. Early signs may seem mild, but they can get worse quickly. If you notice these symptoms, seek medical help right away.

Severe pain in the upper right side of the belly

Pain that spreads to the right shoulder or back

Nausea or vomiting

Fever or chills

Yellowing of the skin or eyes (jaundice)

Loss of appetite

Abdominal tenderness

Sometimes, the pain starts after eating a fatty meal. But not everyone will have all these symptoms.

How Acute Cholecystitis is Diagnosed

Doctors use several steps to diagnose acute cholecystitis. First, they ask about your symptoms and medical history. Next, they perform a physical exam. Often, they will press on your belly to check for pain. Then, they may order tests to confirm the diagnosis.

Blood tests to check for infection or inflammation

Ultrasound to look for gallstones or swelling

CT scan or MRI for detailed images

HIDA scan to see how the gallbladder works

Early diagnosis helps prevent complications. According to the WHO, prompt testing leads to better outcomes.

Treatment Options

Treatment for acute cholecystitis depends on how severe the condition is. In most cases, hospital care is needed. Doctors aim to reduce inflammation and prevent infection. Here are the main treatment steps:

Fasting (no food or drink) to rest the gallbladder

IV fluids to prevent dehydration

Pain relief medications

Antibiotics to treat or prevent infection

Surgery to remove the gallbladder (cholecystectomy) if needed

Sometimes, doctors drain the gallbladder if surgery is not safe right away. Most people recover well after treatment. However, quick care is key to avoid serious problems.

Prevention Tips and Lifestyle Guidance

While you cannot prevent all cases, healthy habits can lower your risk. Making small changes can protect your gallbladder and overall health.

Eat a balanced diet with plenty of fruits and vegetables

Limit fatty and fried foods

Maintain a healthy weight

Exercise regularly

Avoid rapid weight loss

Drink enough water each day

Additionally, regular check-ups can help catch problems early. If you have a family history of gallbladder disease, talk to your doctor about your risk.

When to See a Doctor

If you have sudden, severe belly pain, do not wait. Seek medical help right away. Also, see a doctor if you notice:

Fever with belly pain

Yellowing of your skin or eyes

Vomiting that does not stop

Severe tenderness in your belly

Early treatment can prevent serious complications, such as infection or a burst gallbladder.

If you suspect acute cholecystitis, consult a specialist for personalized guidance. Quick action can protect your health and well-being.