Bariatric Surgery: What You Need to Know

Bariatric surgery, also known as weight loss surgery, helps people lose weight when other methods have not worked. Many people choose this option to improve their health and quality of life. In this guide, you will learn about bariatric surgery, types of bariatric procedures, who is a candidate, bariatric surgery benefits, and what to expect before and after surgery. If you are thinking about bariatric surgery in your area, this information can help you make an informed choice.

What is Bariatric Surgery?

Bariatric surgery is a group of procedures that help people lose weight by changing the way the stomach or digestive system works. Because it limits how much you can eat or how your body absorbs food, it can lead to significant weight loss. For many, this surgery is a tool to help manage obesity and related health problems, such as diabetes or high blood pressure.

Who is a Candidate?

Not everyone is a good fit for bariatric surgery. Usually, doctors look for certain signs before recommending this option. For example, you may be a candidate if:

  • Your body mass index (BMI) is 40 or higher.
  • Your BMI is 35 or higher, and you have serious health problems linked to obesity, like type 2 diabetes or sleep apnea.
  • You have tried other weight loss methods, such as diet and exercise, without success.
  • You are ready to make lasting lifestyle changes after surgery.
  • However, each person is different. Therefore, a doctor will review your health history before making a decision.

    Types of Bariatric Surgery

    There are several types of bariatric procedures. Each works in a different way. Some of the most common include:

  • Gastric Bypass: This surgery makes the stomach smaller and changes how food moves through the body.
  • Gastric Sleeve: In this procedure, most of the stomach is removed, so you feel full faster.
  • Adjustable Gastric Band: A band is placed around the top of the stomach to limit food intake.
  • Biliopancreatic Diversion with Duodenal Switch: This is a more complex surgery that changes both the stomach and the way food is absorbed.
  • Your doctor will help you choose the best option based on your needs and health goals.

    Benefits and Risks

    Bariatric surgery offers many benefits, but it also has risks. On the positive side, people often lose a lot of weight and see improvements in health problems. For example, many people see better blood sugar control, lower blood pressure, and less joint pain. According to the CDC, weight loss surgery can also lower the risk of heart disease and some cancers.

    However, there are risks to consider. These may include:

  • Infection or bleeding after surgery
  • Blood clots
  • Nutrient deficiencies
  • Digestive problems
  • Because of these risks, it is important to talk with your doctor and understand both the benefits and possible side effects.

    Preparing for Surgery

    Getting ready for bariatric surgery takes time and planning. First, your doctor will ask you to complete several health checks. You may need to meet with a dietitian, psychologist, or other specialists. In addition, you may need to lose some weight before surgery to lower risks. Your care team will give you a list of steps to follow, such as:

  • Eating a healthy, low-calorie diet
  • Stopping smoking, if you smoke
  • Adjusting your medications as advised
  • Attending pre-surgery classes or support groups
  • Following these steps can help you have a safer surgery and a smoother recovery.

    Recovery and Aftercare

    After bariatric surgery, you will stay in the hospital for a short time. Most people go home within a few days. While you recover, you will need to follow your doctor’s instructions closely. For example, you will start with liquids and slowly add soft foods. Over time, you will return to a normal diet, but in smaller amounts. Regular check-ups are important to track your progress and catch any problems early.

    Lifestyle Changes After Surgery

    Bariatric surgery is not a quick fix. Instead, it is the start of a new way of living. To keep the weight off and stay healthy, you will need to:

  • Eat small, healthy meals
  • Take vitamins and supplements as directed
  • Exercise regularly
  • Attend follow-up visits with your care team
  • Because your body absorbs food differently, you may need lifelong support and monitoring. Many people join support groups to share tips and stay motivated.

    Frequently Asked Questions

  • Is bariatric surgery safe? While all surgeries have risks, bariatric surgery is generally safe when done by experienced teams. Most people recover well.
  • How much weight will I lose? Weight loss varies, but many people lose 50% or more of their extra weight within two years.
  • Will I need to take vitamins? Yes, you will likely need to take vitamins and minerals for life to prevent deficiencies.
  • Can the weight come back? Weight regain is possible if you do not follow your new eating and exercise habits. Support from your care team can help you stay on track.
  • Is bariatric surgery covered by insurance? Many insurance plans cover bariatric surgery if you meet certain health criteria. Check with your provider for details.
  • In summary, bariatric surgery can be a life-changing option for people struggling with obesity. However, it requires commitment and support. Consult a qualified bariatric surgeon to discuss your options and receive personalized advice.